Shanti
Swarup Bhatnagar, Indian chemist (Bhera, Shahpur District, West Punjab 21
February 1894 – New Delhi 01 January 1955) ACHIEVEMENTS
Authored
over 100 papers Gave
original contributions to colloidal physical chemist and magneto-chemistry Showed that
the temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities are different for
symmetric molecules, associative liquids and aromatic compounds Provided
definitive evidence for the existence of ionic micelles by the study of
magnetic rotation of solutions of salts of higher fatty acids in water and
alcohol (1934) Established
a method to detect the inversion points and the exact amount of electrolytes
required to inversion Established
that emulsification is influenced by the mass of the emulsifying agent, the
ease with which it can be absorbed at the interface and the nature of ions
absorbed by the resulting film Showed that
the sum of ionic susceptibilities gave the molecular susceptibility Formulated
2 empirical rules: 1) a water in oil emulsion can be transformed into oil in
water emulsion by electrolytes having
anions like OH- and PO43- ; 2) an emulsion of oil in water can be
reversed by electrolytes having cation like H+, Al3+ and
Fe3+ Proposed a
simple rule: all emulsifying agents with an excess of negative ions on them and
wetted by water will yield oil-in-water emulsions while those having excess of
adsorbed positive ions and wetted by oil will give water-in-oil emulsions DEVELOPED With R.N.
Mathur invented and patented Bhatnagar-Mathur magnetic interference balance
(1928) and improved Faraday method of measuring magnetic susceptibilities
(1929) Improved a
process of drilling for oil Showed how
to make a substitute for carbon electrodes used in battery by heating molasses
and carbonaceous matter under pressure (1911) Developed a
magnetic method for studying complex problems associated to colloids,
solutions, solid solutions, photochemical decomposition and others |
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