Miguel Osorio (Ozorio) de Almeida, Brazilian physiologist and biomathematician (Rio de Janeiro 01 August 1890 – Rio de Janeiro 02 December 1953) Brother of physiologist Alvaro Osorio de Almeida Authored about 250 works ACHIEVEMENTS Proposed a modified least squares method Formulated mathematical and physical-chemical theories of electric excitation (1944) Formulated mathematical theory of cineradiotherapy (1937) Demonstrated definitely the existence of transversal excitation of nerves Sur l’ excitation transversal des nerfs. C.R. Soc. Biol. CVIII: 1092, 1931 Developed a power theory of muscular work A lei da conservação da energia e a theoria energética do trabalho muscular (1916) Showed the variations of maximal contraction height in function of excitant current Introduced the concept of an excitation state that can be expressed as greatness in electrophysiology Sur la theorie de l’excitation electrique des nerfs et des muscles. Ann. Physiol. Physic. Biol. 3:129-279, 1927 Demonstrated the existence of secondary tetanus and a new index of muscle fatigue Discovered nicotinic apnea (1919) Sobre a apnea produzida pela injeção intravenosa de nicotina. Rev. Soc. Bras. Cien. (1918) L’ apnée nicotinique. J. Phys. Pathol. Gen. 28:744-52, 1919 Established relations about chemical regulation of breathing and dead space variations (1921) Established principles for determination of breathing centers excitability Established the existence of a latent stage in synkinesias Sur la periode latente des mouvements associés. Revue Neurol. 28:1193-9, 1921 Demonstrated new respiratory reflexes Proposed a mathematical theory for breathing regulation and gave laws for pulmonary ventilation
Demonstrated the distraction of arterial and venous waves in single ventricle of toad heart Showed the richness of carbon dioxide of the air in the marsupium of Marsupialia Demonstrated the existence of a nervous tonus not only for maintenance of general activity of nervous system but beyond for activity of each respiratory center Demonstrated the contribution of cutaneous excitations in the maintenance of tonus muscle reflex Discovered cryoepilepsy, a phenomenon characterized by convulsive muscle seizures due to brain medulla cooling Sur une attaque epileptiforme produite par le refroidissement brusque de la moelle de la Grenouille. CXV:78, 1934 Performed important studies on chronaxy and suggested a new mathematical theory for it (1925) With Pieron described rabbit spinal contracture (1924) METHODS Methods for determination of components of alveolar air in human and animals Original technique for studying in isolation rotatory excitation effects of each semicircular ducts A technique for double and simultaneous excitation of nervous cells Sobre a excitação dupla dos nervos. Arch. Bras. Med. 3:313, 1913 A general method for obtaining chronic dilation of dogs esophagi Sobre a technica de estudo da apnea. Brasil Med. (1914) Sobre os princípios para um novo methodo de determinação da tensão de CO2 no ar alveolar. Bras. Med. 30:203-4, 1915 Sobre a lei que rege as relações de CO2 no ar inspirado e no ar expirado. Rev. Soc. Bras. Cien. (1917) With Couto e Silva. Technique pour l’etude des excitations rythmées des pneumogastriques. C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris 94:513-5, 1926 With A. Rocha e Silva. Methode pour la determination de la composition de l’air alveólaire chez le chien. C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris 99:1658-60, 1928 Principes pour une méthode de mesure de la fatigue dans le travail. C.R. Soc. Biol. Paris 109:1164-6, 1931 With H. Moussatché & M. Vianna Dias. Sur le refroidissement brusque de la moelle épiniere par l’action du chlorure d’ethyle et son utilization comme technique de l’etude de l’attaque epileptiforme (1938) With M. Vianna Dias & H. Moussatché. Sobre o método de estudo dos reflexos labirínticos da rã. Bras. Med. 53:643-6, 1939 With H. Moussatché & M. Vianna Dias. Recherches sur l’attaque epileptiforme produite par le refroidissement brusque de la moelle épiniere. Premier mémoire. Introduction et technique. Rev. Bras. Biol. 1:165-77, 1941 Experiences sur l’execution et la coordination des mouvements dans les reflexes cutanées de la Grenouille. C.R. Soc. Biol. CIX: 452, 1932 Sur une preparation contenant le systeme nerveux integral de la Grenouille. C.R. Soc. Biol. CXIII: 1935
HONORS Doctor Honoris Causa, Université de Paris, Université de Lyon, Université de Argel Honorary Professor, Faculté des Sciences de Paris Honorary Member, Académie Nationale de Médecine, France (1945) Member, Composition Bureau of Tables Annuelles Internationales de Constantes et Données Numeriques Genus Osoriella Mello Leitão 1922 (Arachnida) Sicard Prize (1915) DID YOU KNOW? Famous French scientists like Gley, Lapicque, Pieron, Laugier, Hadamard, Langevin, Marie and Irine Curie beyond Albert Einstein visited his laboratory LINKS http://www.dichistoriasaude.coc.fiocruz.br/iah/pt/verbetes/almmigoz.htm (in Portuguese; bibliography) BIBLIOGRAPHY A complete bio-bibliography is available in Revista Bras. Biol. 14(1):1-24, 1954 |
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